Richard Upjohn (22 January 1802 – 16 August 1878) was a British architect who emigrated to the United States and became most famous for his (Gothic Revival) churches. He was partially responsible for launching the movement to popularity in the United States. Upjohn also did extensive work in and helped to popularize the (Italianate) style. He was a founder and the first president of the (American Institute of Architects). His son, (Richard Michell Upjohn), (1828-1903), was also a well-known architect and served as a partner in his continued architectural firm in New York.
Richard Upjohn | |
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![]() Upjohn oil portrait circa 1870 | |
Born | (Shaftesbury), England, UK | 22 January 1802
Died | 16 August 1878 (Garrison), (Putnam County, New York), USA | (aged 76)
Nationality | British |
Occupation | Architect |
Buildings | (William Rotch Jr. House) (Oaklands) (Kingscote) (Church of the Ascension) (Edward King House) (St. Paul's Cathedral) (Hamilton Hoppin House) (Kenworthy Hall) |
Projects | (Trinity Church) (Church of the Holy Communion) (Lindenwald) (Green-Wood Cemetery Gate) |
Life and career
Richard Upjohn was born in (Shaftesbury), England, where he was apprenticed to a builder and cabinet-maker. He eventually became a master-mechanic. He and his family emigrated to the United States in 1829. They initially settled in (New Bedford, Massachusetts) and then moved on to Boston in 1833, where he worked in architectural design. He became a (naturalized) (citizen of the United States) in 1836. His first major project was for the entrances to the (Boston Common), the town's central park and his first church would be St. John's Episcopal Church in (Bangor, Maine). He had relocated to (New York City) by 1839, where he worked on alterations to the famed (Trinity Church) on (Wall Street) in (Lower Manhattan). The alterations were later abandoned and he was commissioned to design a new church, completed in 1846, and still extant today. He published his extremely influential book, "Upjohn's rural architecture: Designs, working drawings and specifications for a wooden church, and other rural structures", in 1852. The designs in this publication were widely used across the country by builders, with many examples remaining.
Upjohn, along with 13 other architects, co-founded the (American Institute of Architects) on February 23, 1857. He served as president of that organization from 1857 to 1876, being succeeded by (Thomas Ustick Walter), fourth (Architect of the Capitol). He went on the design many buildings in a variety of styles. He died at his home in (Garrison, New York) in 1878. Architectural drawings and papers by Upjohn and other family members are held by the Drawings and Archives Department of the (Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library) at (Columbia University), in New York City, also by the (New York Public Library)'s Humanities and Social Sciences Library, in the Manuscripts and Archives division, and by the (Library of Congress), Prints & Photographs Division on (Capitol Hill) in Washington, D.C.
He died on 16 August 1878 in (Putnam County, New York) of (cerebral softening).
Projects
Some of Upjohn's notable projects include:
Churches
- St. John's Episcopal Church in (Bangor, Maine), (1835–36, burned 1911)
- (Trinity Church) in New York City, (1839–46)
- (The Church of the Ascension) in New York City, (1840–41)
- (Christ Church) in (Cobble Hill), (Brooklyn, New York), (1841–42)
- (Bethesda Episcopal Church) in (Saratoga Springs, New York), (1842)
- (St. Thomas Episcopal Church) in (Newark, Delaware), (ca. 1843)
- (Grace Church) in (Providence, Rhode Island), (1845; with )
- (Church of the Holy Cross) in (Middletown, Rhode Island), (1845)
- in (Canaan, Connecticut), (1845–46)
- (St. Paul's Episcopal Church) in (Brunswick, Maine), (1845)
- (First Parish Church) in (Brunswick, Maine), (1845–46)
- Church of the Pilgrims (now (Our Lady of Lebanon Maronite Cathedral)) in (Brooklyn Heights), (Brooklyn, New York), (1846)
- (St. Mary's Episcopal Church) in (Burlington, New Jersey), (1846–54)
- (Christ Episcopal Church) in (Raleigh, North Carolina), (1846–48)
- in (Portsmouth, Rhode Island), (1847)
- St. Saviours Episcopal Church, in (Maspeth), (Queens), (New York) (1847)
- St. James Episcopal Church, in New London, Connecticut (1847)
- (Grace Church) in (Newark, New Jersey), (1847–48)
- in (Brooklyn, New York), (1847–49)
- (All Saints' Episcopal Church) in (Briarcliff Manor, New York), (1848–54)
- in (Stonington, Connecticut), (consecrated 1849)
- (St. Thomas Episcopal Church) in (Amenia Union, New York), (1849–51)
- (St. Paul's Cathedral) in (Buffalo, New York), (1849–51)
- (Zion Episcopal Church) in (Rome, New York), (1850–1851)
- (St. Paul's Episcopal Church) in (Brookline, Massachusetts), (1850-52)
- (Church of St. John in the Wilderness) in (Copake Falls, New York), (1852)
- (St. John Chrysostom Church) in (Delafield, Wisconsin), (1851–56)
- (Madison Square Presbyterian Church) in New York City, (1854)
- (Christ Church (Episcopal)) in (Binghamton, New York), (1853–1855)
- (Old St. Paul's Episcopal Church) in (Baltimore, Maryland), (1854)
- (All Saints Episcopal Church) in (Frederick, Maryland), (1855)
- (St. Mary's Episcopal Chapel) in (Raleigh, North Carolina), (1855)
- (St. James Episcopal Church) in (Muncy, Pennsylvania), (1856)
- (Christ Episcopal Church) in (Marlboro, New York), (1858)
- (St. Mark's Episcopal Church) in (San Antonio, Texas), (1858)
- (Trinity Chapel) in (Far Rockaway), (Queens, New York), (1858)
- (St. Peter's Episcopal Church) in (Albany, New York), (1859)
- (Church of the Holy Comforter) in (Poughkeepsie, New York), (1860)
- (Trinity Episcopal Church) in (Woodbridge, New Jersey), (1860)
- (St. Philip's Church in the Highlands) in (Garrison, New York), (1860–61)
- (St. Stephen's Episcopal Church) in (Providence, Rhode Island), (1860–62)
- in (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), (1861)
- (Trinity-St. Paul's Episcopal Church) in (New Rochelle, New York), (1862)
- St. John's Chapel at (Hobart College) in (Geneva, New York), (1863)
- (All Saint's Memorial Church) in (Navesink, New Jersey), (1863–64)
- (Immanuel Episcopal Church) in (Bellows Falls, Vermont), (1863–67)
- (St. Peter's Episcopal Church) in (Geneva, New York), (1868)
- (Church of the Covenant) in (Boston, Massachusetts), (1865–1867)
- in (Scranton, Pennsylvania), (1867)
- (St. Mark's Episcopal Church) in (Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania), (1867)
- in (Fitchburg, Massachusetts), (1867)
- (St. Thomas Episcopal Church) in New York City, (1870, burned 1905)
- (St. Paul's Episcopal Church) in (Selma, Alabama), (1871–75)
- Cast-iron railing fence design in (Boston Common), (Boston, Massachusetts)
- North Gate Screen (1860s) and the Pierrepont family tomb (c. 1860) in (Green-Wood Cemetery), (Brooklyn, New York)
- (St. Mark's Cathedral) in (Salt Lake City, Utah), (1870)
- (Trinity Church) in (Princeton, New Jersey), (1870)
- Rye Presbyterian Church in (Rye, New York), (1870)
- (Grace Church/St. Agnes-by-the-Lake) in (Algoma, Wisconsin), (1879, burned 1884, replica constructed 1891)
- (Trinity Episcopal Church) in (Litchfield, Minnesota), (1871), attributed
- (Trinity Episcopal Church) in (Iowa City, Iowa), (1871), attributed
- (Church of the Good Shepherd) in (Blue Earth, Minnesota), (1871–72), attributed
Residences
- (William Rotch Jr. House) in (New Bedford, Massachusetts), (1834)
- (Oaklands) in (Gardiner, Maine) (1835)
- (Kingscote) in (Newport, Rhode Island), (1839)
- Theodore Lyman House in Brookline, Massachusetts (1844–46)
- (Edward King House) in (Newport, Rhode Island), (1845–47)
- 70–72 Mount Vernon Street in (Boston, Massachusetts), (1847–1848)
- (Lindenwald) in (Kinderhook, New York), (1849)
- (James and Mary Forsyth House) in (Kingston, New York), (1849–50)
- (W. W. Fairbanks House) in (Taunton, Massachusetts) (1852)
- Charles H. Russell House, "Oaklawn," in (Newport, Rhode Island) (1852–53)
- (The Grove) in (Cold Spring, New York), (1852–53)
- (Rock Lawn) in Garrison, New York (1852–53)
- (Woodlawn) in Garrison, New York (1854)
- (Hamilton Hoppin House) in (Middletown, Rhode Island) (1856)
- Henry E. Pierrepont House in Brooklyn, New York (1856–57)
- (Kenworthy Hall) in (Marion, Alabama), (1858–60)
- (Marshall Woods House) in (Providence, Rhode Island) (1860–61)
Civic Buildings
- (Abiel Smith School) in (Boston, Massachusetts), (1835)
- Bristol Academy in (Taunton, Massachusetts), (1852)
- (Dorchester County Courthouse and Jail) in (Cambridge, Maryland), (1853)
- Corn Exchange Bank in New York, New York (1854)
- (Edwin A. Stevens Hall) in (Hoboken, New Jersey), (1870)
Gallery
- (William Rotch Jr. House), (New Bedford, MA), (1834)
- (Trinity Church), New York City, (1839–46)
- (Kingscote), Newport, RI, (1839)
- (Bowdoin College Chapel), (Brunswick, ME), (1844-1855)
- (Church of the Holy Cross), (Middletown, RI), (1844)
- (Grace Church), (Providence, RI), (1845)
- (Edward King House), Newport, RI, (1845-47)
- (Old St. Paul's Church), (Baltimore), (1854)
- (Kenworthy Hall), (Perry County, AL), (1858–60)
- (St. Peter's Episcopal Church), Albany, NY, (1859–60)
- Screen, (Green-Wood Cemetery) (1860s)
- (All Saint's Memorial Church), (Navesink, NJ), (1863–64)
- (Church of the Covenant), (Boston), (1865–67)
- (Trinity Church, Princeton NJ), (1870, altered)
- (Trinity Episcopal Church), (Litchfield, MN), (1871, attributed)
References
Notes
- Doumato, Lamia. Richard Upjohn, Richard Michell Upjohn, and the Gothic Revival in America. Monticello, Ill: Vance Bibliographies, 1984. ISBN
- Everard M., Upjohn (1939). Richard Upjohn: Architect And Churchman. Universal Digital Library. New York: (Columbia University Press) – via (Internet Archive).
- Murray, Christopher John (2004). Encyclopedia of the romantic era, 1760-1850, Volume 2. New York & London: Fitzroy Dearborn. p. 1175. ISBN .
- "Richard Upjohn, Architect" (PDF). (New York Times). 16 August 1878. Retrieved 2008-07-17.
Richard Upjohn, one of the oldest and most prominent church architects of this country, died on Friday, in the seventy-seventh year of his ago. ...
- Anastasio, Joseph (2017-11-15). "St. Saviours: The Historic Church that the NYC Government refused to save". LTV Squad. Retrieved 2017-11-22.
- (NRHP) plaque: File:AllSaintsPlaque.jpg
- Susan and Michael Southworth, AIA Guide to Boston, Third Edition, (: Global Professional Publishing, 2008), p.199.
- Christ Church Parish Records
- Susan and Michael Southworth, AIA Guide to Boston, Third Edition, (: Global Professional Publishing, 2008), p.265.
- Alexandra Kathryn Mosca, "Green-Wood Cemetery". "Images of America" series, (Charleston, S.C.: Arcadia Publishing, 2008), p.11
- Upjohn, Richard Upjohn, 139
- Susan and Michael Southworth, AIA Guide to Boston, Third Edition, (Guildford, Connecticut: GPP, 2008), p.27.
- Upjohn, Richard Upjohn, 202
- Upjohn, Richard Upjohn, 204
- Susan and Michael Southworth, AIA Guide to Boston, Third Edition, ((Guildford, Connecticut): Global Professional Publishing, 2008), p.41.
- Susan and Michael Southworth, AIA Guide to Boston, Third Edition, (: Global Professional Publishing, 2008), p.199.
External links
![image](https://www.viki.en-us.nina.az/image/aHR0cHM6Ly91cGxvYWQud2lraW1lZGlhLm9yZy93aWtpcGVkaWEvZW4vdGh1bWIvNC80YS9Db21tb25zLWxvZ28uc3ZnLzMwcHgtQ29tbW9ucy1sb2dvLnN2Zy5wbmc=.png)
- Columbia University Libraries: The Upjohn collection of architectural drawings by Richard, Richard Michell, and Hobart Upjohn :Architectural drawings, papers, and records, (circa 1827-1910) held by the Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library, Columbia University
- Richard Upjohn's Trinity Church construction records and drawings at Trinity Wall Street Archives
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