Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district is located in southwestern Pennsylvania, including Pittsburgh and much of Allegheny County, as well as some of . Since January 3, 2023, it has been represented by (Summer Lee).
Pennsylvania's 12th congressional district | |||
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Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023 ((Allegheny County) outlined in red) | |||
(Representative) |
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Population (2022) | 758,799 | ||
Median household income | $68,078 | ||
Ethnicity |
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(Cook PVI) | D+8 |
Before 2018, the 12th district was located in southwestern Pennsylvania and included all of (Beaver County), and parts of (Allegheny), (Cambria), (Lawrence), (Somerset), and Westmoreland Counties. The (Supreme Court of Pennsylvania) redrew this and other state congressional districts in February 2018 after ruling the previous map unconstitutional due to partisan (gerrymandering). The new 12th district covers much of the old (10th district). The old 12th district was redrawn to an area north and west of (Pittsburgh) and renamed the (17th district) for the 2018 elections and representation after that.
Before the 2011 round of redistricting, the 12th district was widely considered to be (gerrymandered) by the Republican-controlled state legislature as a heavily Democratic district. It consisted of all of (Greene County), and parts of (Allegheny), (Armstrong), (Cambria), (Fayette), (Indiana), (Somerset), (Washington), and Westmoreland Counties.
Recent statewide election results
Year | Office | Result |
---|---|---|
2020 | President | (Biden) 67–31% |
2022 | (Governor) | (Shapiro) 68–30% |
2022 | (Senate) | (Fetterman) 63–35% |
[]
History
After the 2000 census, the Republican-controlled state legislature radically altered the 12th to get more Republicans elected from traditionally heavily Democratic southwestern Pennsylvania. A large chunk of the old 20th district was incorporated into the 12th. In some parts of the western portion of the district, one side of the street is in the 12th, while the other is in the 18th district (the reconfigured 20th). This led to criticism that the 12th was a (gerrymander) intended to pack as many of southwestern Pennsylvania's heavily Democratic areas as possible into just two districts—the 12th and the Pittsburgh-based (14th).
Located in southwestern Pennsylvania, the 12th district consisted of all of (Greene County), and parts of (Allegheny), (Armstrong), (Cambria), (Fayette), (Indiana), (Somerset), (Washington), and Westmoreland Counties. A thoroughly unionized district, the 12th was historically among the most Democratic areas of the state. However, the Democrats in this area were not as liberal as their counterparts in (Philadelphia) and (Pittsburgh). Most were somewhat conservative on social issues, particularly abortion and gun control.
The 12th included all of Greene County, a highly rural region that still has a traditionally Democratic influence due to its labor leanings. In Washington county, the city of (Washington) and eastern portions of the county, a large and Democratic edge suburb of Pittsburgh, was a part of the 12th. Most of the (Monongahela Valley) region, a very Democratic area once an important steel-making area, was also part of the 12th. However, more rural western Washington County and the suburban northern portion of the county (with towns like (McDonald) and (Canonsburg)) then belonged to the 18th. The western portion of Fayette County, including the city of (Uniontown), a labor Democratic stronghold, was part of this district. In contrast, the rural mountainous eastern portion was a part of the 9th.
The 12th district continued eastward, including southeastern and northeastern parts of Westmoreland County, including the labor Democratic city of Latrobe, while leaving the suburban western part of the county (with towns such as (Murrysville)) and the generally left-leaning city of (Greensburg) in the 18th. The major population base of the district was located just to the east, taking in most of Somerset and Cambria counties. This area, the heart of a sizeable coal-mining region, includes the district's largest city, (Johnstown). The 12th also contained a part of Indiana County, mainly the college town of (Indiana).
The 12th completed its wrap around the metro Pittsburgh region by ending in the northeastern corner of the city's suburbs, containing middle-class regions such as (Lower Burrell) and the working-class suburb of (New Kensington). A portion of Armstrong County was also included in the district, including several industrial suburbs such as (Freeport) and (Apollo). The district has a (Cook Partisan Voting Index) score of R+1. The district is notable as the only congressional district in the nation that voted for (Democratic) presidential candidate (John Kerry) in (2004) but went for Republican (John McCain) in (2008). This is mainly because, since 2000, southwestern Pennsylvania has gradually become more Republican.
2006 election
In the (2006 election), Murtha was re-elected with 61% of the vote. His Republican opponent, (Washington County) Commissioner , received 39%.
2008 election
John Murtha won the 2008 election with 58% of the vote. Murtha was a (United States Marine) and the first (Vietnam War veteran) to serve in Congress. He defeated Lt. Col. William T. Russell, an army veteran.
2010 special election
Pennsylvania (governor) (Ed Rendell) scheduled a (special election) for May 18, 2010, following the death of Representative John Murtha. On March 8, 2010, the (Pennsylvania Democratic Party)'s Executive Committee nominated (Mark Critz), Murtha's former district director. On March 11, a convention of Republicans from the 12th district nominated businessman (Tim Burns). The Libertarian Party's candidate was Demo Agoris, who ran for the Pennsylvania House of Representatives in the 48th district as a Libertarian in 2006.
Mark Critz won the election.
2010 election
Mark Critz was re-elected in the regularly scheduled 2010 election, again beating Republican Tim Burns (this time with 51% of the vote against 49%).
2012 election
Mark Critz ran for re-election to a second full term in the (2012 election) but was defeated by Republican challenger (Keith Rothfus). Critz garnered 48.5% of the vote to Rothfus' 51.5%. The 12th had absorbed a large chunk of the old 4th district, including Rothfus' home, after the 2010 census, and was significantly more Republican than its predecessor.
2019 special election
After (Tom Marino)'s resignation in January 2019, an election was held on May 21 to fill the open seat. Republican (Fred Keller) defeated 2018 Democratic nominee Mark Friedenberg.
List of members representing the district
Representative | Party | Years | Cong ress | Electoral history | Location |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
District established March 4, 1795 | |||||
![]() (Albert Gallatin) ((Springhill Township)) | (Democratic-Republican) | March 4, 1795 – May 14, 1801 | (4th) (5th) (6th) (7th) | (Elected in 1794). (Re-elected in 1796). (Re-elected in 1798). (Re-elected in 1800) but declined the seat to become (U.S. Secretary of the Treasury). | 1795–1803 [] |
Vacant | May 14, 1801 – December 7, 1801 | (7th) | |||
(William Hoge) ((Washington)) | (Democratic-Republican) | December 7, 1801 – March 3, 1803 | (Elected October 13, 1801, to finish Gallatin's term) and seated December 7, 1801. Redistricted to the (10th district). | ||
District dissolved March 3, 1803 | |||||
District re-established March 4, 1813 | |||||
(Aaron Lyle) ((West Middletown)) | (Democratic-Republican) | March 4, 1813 – March 3, 1817 | (13th) (14th) | Redistricted from the (10th district) and (re-elected in 1812). (Re-elected in 1814). Retired. | 1813–1823 [] |
(Thomas Patterson) ((West Middletown)) | (Democratic-Republican) | March 4, 1817 – March 3, 1823 | (15th) (16th) (17th) | (Elected in 1816). (Re-elected in 1818). (Re-elected in 1820). Redistricted to the (15th district). | |
(John Brown) ((Lewistown)) | (Democratic-Republican) | March 4, 1823 – March 3, 1825 | (18th) | Redistricted from the (9th district) and (re-elected in 1822). Lost re-election. | 1823–1833 [] |
(John Mitchell) ((Bellefonte)) | (Jacksonian) | March 4, 1825 – March 3, 1829 | (19th) (20th) | (Elected in 1824). (Re-elected in 1826). Retired. | |
![]() (John Scott) ((Alexandria)) | (Jacksonian) | March 4, 1829 – March 3, 1831 | (21st) | (Elected in 1828). Lost re-election. | |
(Robert Allison) ((Huntingdon)) | (Anti-Masonic) | March 4, 1831 – March 3, 1833 | (22nd) | (Elected in 1830). Retired. | |
(George Chambers) ((Chambersburg)) | (Anti-Masonic) | March 4, 1833 – March 3, 1837 | (23rd) (24th) | (Elected in 1832). (Re-elected in 1834). [] | 1833–1843 [] |
(Daniel Sheffer) ((York)) | (Democratic) | March 4, 1837 – March 3, 1839 | (25th) | (Elected in 1836). Lost re-election. | |
![]() (James Cooper) ((Gettysburg)) | (Whig) | March 4, 1839 – March 3, 1843 | (26th) (27th) | (Elected in 1838). (Re-elected in 1840). [] | |
![]() (Almon H. Read) ((Montrose)) | (Democratic) | March 4, 1843 – June 3, 1844 | (28th) | Redistricted from the (17th district) and (re-elected in 1842). Died. | 1843–1853 [] |
Vacant | June 3, 1844 – December 2, 1844 | ||||
(George Fuller) ((Montrose)) | (Democratic) | December 2, 1844 – March 3, 1845 | (Elected to finish Read's term). [] | ||
![]() (David Wilmot) ((Towanda)) | (Democratic) | March 4, 1845 – March 3, 1851 | (29th) (30th) (31st) | (Elected in 1844). (Re-elected in 1846). (Re-elected in 1848). Retired. | |
![]() (Galusha A. Grow) ((Glenwood)) | (Democratic) | March 4, 1851 – March 3, 1853 | (32nd) | (Elected in 1850). Redistricted to the (14th district). | |
![]() (Hendrick B. Wright) ((Wilkes-Barre)) | (Democratic) | March 4, 1853 – March 3, 1855 | (33rd) | (Elected in 1852). Lost re-election. | 1853–1863 [] |
![]() (Henry M. Fuller) ((Wilkes-Barre)) | (Opposition) | March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1857 | (34th) | (Elected in 1854). Retired. | |
(John G. Montgomery) ((Danville)) | (Democratic) | March 4, 1857 – April 24, 1857 | (35th) | (Elected in 1856). Died. | |
Vacant | April 24, 1857 – December 7, 1857 | ||||
![]() (Paul Leidy) ((Danville)) | (Democratic) | December 7, 1857 – March 3, 1859 | (Elected to finish Montgomery's term). [] | ||
![]() (George W. Scranton) ((Scranton)) | Republican | March 4, 1859 – March 24, 1861 | (36th) (37th) | (Elected in 1858). (Re-elected in 1860). Died. | |
Vacant | March 24, 1861 – July 4, 1861 | (37th) | |||
![]() (Hendrick B. Wright) ((Wilkes-Barre)) | (Democratic) | July 4, 1861 – March 3, 1863 | (Elected to finish Scranton's term). [] | ||
![]() (Charles Denison) ((Wilkes-Barre)) | (Democratic) | March 4, 1863 – June 27, 1867 | (38th) (39th) (40th) | (Elected in 1862). (Re-elected in 1864). (Re-elected in 1866). Died. | 1863–1873 [] |
Vacant | June 27, 1867 – November 21, 1867 | (40th) | |||
![]() (George W. Woodward) ((Wilkes-Barre)) | (Democratic) | November 21, 1867 – March 3, 1871 | (40th) (41st) | (Elected to finish Denison's term). (Re-elected in 1868). Retired. | |
![]() (Lazarus D. Shoemaker) ((Wilkes-Barre)) | Republican | March 4, 1871 – March 3, 1875 | (42nd) (43rd) | (Elected in 1870). (Re-elected in 1872). Retired. | |
1873–1883 [] | |||||
![]() (Winthrop W. Ketcham) ((Wilkes-Barre)) | Republican | March 4, 1875 – July 19, 1876 | (44th) | (Elected in 1874). Resigned to become (U.S. District Judge) | |
Vacant | July 19, 1876 – November 7, 1876 | ||||
![]() (William H. Stanton) ((Scranton)) | (Democratic) | November 7, 1876 – March 3, 1877 | (Elected to finish Ketcham's term). Retired. | ||
![]() (Hendrick B. Wright) ((Wilkes-Barre)) | (Democratic) | March 4, 1877 – March 3, 1879 | (45th) (46th) | (Elected in 1876). (Re-elected in 1878). Lost re-election. | |
(Greenback) | March 4, 1879 – March 3, 1881 | ||||
![]() (Joseph A. Scranton) ((Scranton)) | Republican | March 4, 1881 – March 3, 1883 | (47th) | (Elected in 1880). Lost re-election. | |
![]() (Daniel W. Connolly) ((Scranton)) | (Democratic) | March 4, 1883 – March 3, 1885 | (48th) | (Elected in 1882). Lost re-election. | 1883–1893 [] |
![]() (Joseph A. Scranton) ((Scranton)) | Republican | March 4, 1885 – March 3, 1887 | (49th) | (Elected in 1884). Lost re-election. | |
![]() (John Lynch) ((Wilkes-Barre)) | (Democratic) | March 4, 1887 – March 3, 1889 | (50th) | (Elected in 1886). Lost re-election. | |
![]() (Edwin S. Osborne) ((Wilkes-Barre)) | Republican | March 4, 1889 – March 3, 1891 | (51st) | Redistricted from the (at-large district) and (re-elected in 1888). Retired. | |
![]() (George W. Shonk) ((Plymouth)) | Republican | March 4, 1891 – March 3, 1893 | (52nd) | (Elected in 1890). Retired. | |
![]() (William H. Hines) ((Wilkes-Barre)) | (Democratic) | March 4, 1893 – March 3, 1895 | (53rd) | (Elected in 1892). Lost re-election. | 1893–1903 [] |
![]() (John Leisenring) ((Upper Lehigh)) | Republican | March 4, 1895 – March 3, 1897 | (54th) | (Elected in 1894). Retired. | |
![]() (Morgan B. Williams) ((Wilkes-Barre)) | Republican | March 4, 1897 – March 3, 1899 | (55th) | (Elected in 1896). Lost re-election. | |
![]() (Stanley W. Davenport) ((Plymouth)) | (Democratic) | March 4, 1899 – March 3, 1901 | (56th) | (Elected in 1898). Lost renomination. | |
![]() (Henry W. Palmer) ((Wilkes-Barre)) | Republican | March 4, 1901 – March 3, 1903 | (57th) | (Elected in 1900). Redistricted to the (11th district). | |
![]() (George R. Patterson) ((Ashland)) | Republican | March 4, 1903 – March 21, 1906 | (58th) (59th) | (Elected in 1902). (Re-elected in 1904). Died. | 1903–1913 [] |
Vacant | January 21, 1906 – November 6, 1906 | (59th) | |||
![]() (Charles N. Brumm) ((Minersville)) | Republican | November 6, 1906 – January 4, 1909 | (59th) (60th) | (Elected to finish Patterson's term). (Re-elected in 1906). Retired to run for judge of the court of common pleas of (Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania), and then resigned once elected. | |
Vacant | January 4, 1909 – March 3, 1909 | (60th) | |||
![]() (Alfred B. Garner) ((Ashland)) | Republican | March 4, 1909 – March 3, 1911 | (61st) | (Elected in 1908). Lost renomination. | |
![]() (Robert E. Lee) ((Pottsville)) | (Democratic) | March 4, 1911 – March 3, 1915 | (62nd) (63rd) | (Elected in 1910). (Re-elected in 1912). Lost re-election. | |
1913–1933 [] | |||||
![]() (Robert D. Heaton) ((Ashland)) | Republican | March 4, 1915 – March 3, 1919 | (64th) (65th) | (Elected in 1914). (Re-elected in 1916). Retired. | |
![]() (John Reber) ((Pottsville)) | Republican | March 4, 1919 – March 3, 1923 | (66th) (67th) | (Elected in 1918). (Re-elected in 1920). Retired. | |
![]() (John J. Casey) ((Wilkes-Barre)) | (Democratic) | March 4, 1923 – March 3, 1925 | (68th) | (Elected in 1922). Lost re-election. | |
![]() (Edmund N. Carpenter) ((Wilkes-Barre)) | Republican | March 4, 1925 – March 3, 1927 | (69th) | (Elected in 1924). Lost re-election. | |
![]() (John J. Casey) ((Wilkes-Barre)) | (Democratic) | March 4, 1927 – May 5, 1929 | (70th) (71st) | (Elected in 1926). (Re-elected in 1928). Died. | |
Vacant | May 5, 1929 – June 4, 1929 | (71st) | |||
![]() (C. Murray Turpin) ((Kingston)) | Republican | June 4, 1929 – January 3, 1937 | (71st) (72nd) (73rd) (74th) | (Elected to finish Casey's term). (Re-elected in 1930). (Re-elected in 1932). (Re-elected in 1934). Lost re-election. | |
1933–1943 [] | |||||
![]() (J. Harold Flannery) ((Pittston)) | (Democratic) | January 3, 1937 – January 3, 1942 | (75th) (76th) (77th) | (Elected in 1936). (Re-elected in 1938). (Re-elected in 1940). Resigned to become judge of the common pleas court of (Luzerne County, Pennsylvania). | |
Vacant | January 3, 1942 – May 19, 1942 | (77th) | |||
![]() (Thomas B. Miller) ((Plymouth)) | Republican | May 19, 1942 – January 3, 1945 | (77th) (78th) | (Elected to finish Flannery's term). (Re-elected later in 1942). Lost re-election. | |
1943–1953 [] | |||||
![]() (Ivor D. Fenton) ((Mahanoy City)) | Republican | January 3, 1945 – January 3, 1963 | 79th (80th) (81st) (82nd) (83rd) (84th) (85th) (86th) 87th | Redistricted from the (13th district) and (re-elected in 1944). (Re-elected in 1946). (Re-elected in 1948). (Re-elected in 1950). (Re-elected in 1952). (Re-elected in 1954). (Re-elected in 1956). (Re-elected in 1958). (Re-elected in 1960). Lost re-election. | |
1953–1963 [] | |||||
![]() (J. Irving Whalley) ((Windber)) | Republican | January 3, 1963 – January 3, 1973 | (88th) (89th) (90th) (91st) (92nd) | Redistricted from the (18th district) and (re-elected in 1962). (Re-elected in 1964). (Re-elected in 1966). (Re-elected in 1968). (Re-elected in 1970). Retired. | 1963–1973 [] |
![]() (John P. Saylor) ((Johnstown)) | Republican | January 3, 1973 – October 28, 1973 | (93rd) | Redistricted from the (22nd district) and (re-elected in 1972). Died. | 1973–1983 [] |
Vacant | October 28, 1973 – February 5, 1974 | ||||
![]() (John Murtha) ((Johnstown)) | (Democratic) | February 5, 1974 – February 8, 2010 | (93rd) (94th) (95th) (96th) (97th) (98th) (99th) (100th) (101st) (102nd) (103rd) (104th) (105th) (106th) (107th) (108th) (109th) (110th) (111th) | (Elected to finish Saylor's term). (Re-elected later in 1974). (Re-elected in 1976). (Re-elected in 1978). (Re-elected in 1980). (Re-elected in 1982). (Re-elected in 1984). (Re-elected in 1986). (Re-elected in 1988). (Re-elected in 1990). (Re-elected in 1992). (Re-elected in 1994). (Re-elected in 1996). (Re-elected in 1998). (Re-elected in 2000). (Re-elected in 2002). (Re-elected in 2004). (Re-elected in 2006). (Re-elected in 2008). Died. | |
1983–1993 [] | |||||
1993–2003 [] | |||||
2003–2013![]() | |||||
Vacant | February 8, 2010 – May 18, 2010 | (111th) | |||
![]() (Mark Critz) ((Johnstown)) | (Democratic) | May 18, 2010 – January 3, 2013 | (111th) (112th) | (Elected to finish Murtha's term). (Re-elected later in 2010). Lost re-election. | |
![]() (Keith Rothfus) ((Sewickley)) | Republican | January 3, 2013 – January 3, 2019 | (113th) (114th) (115th) | (Elected in 2012). (Re-elected in 2014). (Re-elected in 2016). Redistricted to the (17th district) and lost re-election. | 2013–2019![]() |
![]() (Tom Marino) ((Williamsport)) | Republican | January 3, 2019 – January 23, 2019 | (116th) | Redistricted from the (10th district) and (re-elected in 2018). Resigned. | 2019–2023![]() |
Vacant | January 23, 2019 – May 21, 2019 | ||||
![]() (Fred Keller) ((Middleburg)) | Republican | May 21, 2019 – January 3, 2023 | (116th) (117th) | (Elected to finish Marino's term). (Re-elected in 2020). Redistricted to the (9th district) and retired at the end of term. | |
![]() (Summer Lee) ((Swissvale)) | (Democratic) | January 3, 2023 – present | (118th) | (Elected in 2022). | 2023–![]() |
Recent election results
2012
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | (Keith Rothfus) | 175,352 | 51.7 | |
(Democratic) | (Mark Critz) (incumbent) | 163,589 | 48.3 | |
Total votes | 338,941 | 100.0 | ||
Republican gain from (Democratic) |
2014
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | (Keith Rothfus) (incumbent) | 127,993 | 59.3 | |
(Democratic) | Erin McClelland | 87,928 | 40.7 | |
Total votes | 215,921 | 100.0 | ||
Republican hold |
2016
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | (Keith Rothfus) (incumbent) | 221,851 | 61.8 | |
(Democratic) | Erin Mcclelland | 137,353 | 38.2 | |
Total votes | 359,204 | 100.0 | ||
Republican hold |
2018
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | (Tom Marino) (incumbent) | 161,047 | 66.0 | |
(Democratic) | Marc Friedenburg | 82,825 | 34.0 | |
Total votes | 243,872 | 100.0 | ||
Republican hold |
2019 special election
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Fred Keller | 90,000 | 68.08% | +2.04% | |
(Democratic) | Marc Friedenberg | 42,195 | 31.92% | -2.04% | |
Total votes | '132,195' | '100.0%' | N/A | ||
Republican hold |
2020
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | (Fred Keller) (incumbent) | 241,035 | 70.8 | |
(Democratic) | Lee Griffin | 99,199 | 29.2 | |
Total votes | 340,234 | 100.0 | ||
Republican hold |
2022
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
(Democratic) | (Summer Lee) | 184,674 | 56.2 | |
Republican | Mike Doyle | 143,946 | 43.8 | |
Total votes | 328,620 | 100.0 | ||
(Democratic) hold |
See also
- List of United States congressional districts
- (Pennsylvania's congressional districts)
References
- "The 2022 Cook Partisan Voting Index". The Cook Political Report. Retrieved January 3, 2023.
- Cohn, Nate; Bloch, Matthew; Quealy, Kevin (February 19, 2018). "The New Pennsylvania House Districts Are In. We Review the Mapmakers' Choices". The Upshot. The New York Times. Retrieved February 20, 2018.
- Becker, Bernie (March 8, 2010). "Dems Choose Nominee for Murtha Seat". (The New York Times). Retrieved March 9, 2010.
- Faher, Mike (March 12, 2010). "GOP chooses Burns for special election in 12th". . Retrieved March 12, 2010.
- . Pennsylvania Department of State. Archived from the original on November 16, 2012. Retrieved November 15, 2012.
- Levy, Marc (March 2, 2019). . Center Daily Times. Associated Press. Archived from the original on March 7, 2019. Retrieved March 7, 2019.
- "Pennsylvania Democratic Party Announces Candidate For Special Election In The 12th Congressional District – Pennsylvania Democratic PartyPennsylvania Democratic Party". Padems.com. February 12, 2019. Retrieved March 7, 2019.
- "Ex-Congressman Marino Now Cites Health for Resigning". U.S. News & World Report. February 12, 2019. Retrieved February 14, 2019.
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ignored () - "Statistics of Presidential and Congressional Election of November 6, 2012". Karen Haas, Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. February 28, 2013. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
- "Pennsylvania 2014 General Election – November 4, 2014 Official Results". Pennsylvania Secretary of State. November 4, 2014. Retrieved March 8, 2021.
- "Pennsylvania 2016 General Election – November 8, 2016 Official Results". Pennsylvania Secretary of State. November 8, 2016. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
- "2018 General Election: Representative in Congress". Pennsylvania Secretary of State. November 6, 2018. Retrieved November 12, 2018.
- "2019 Special Election 12th Congressional District". Pennsylvania Department of State. May 21, 2019. Retrieved May 29, 2019.
- "2020 Presidential Election – Representative in Congress". Pennsylvania Department of State. Retrieved November 25, 2020.
- "2022 General Election Official Returns - Representative in Congress". Pennsylvania Department of State.
Further reading
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
- Congressman Tom Marino resigns, leaving a vacancy in Pa.'s 12th district
External links
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